Organizational Srtucture Shapes Corporate Culture and Influences Essay

Organizational Srtucture Shapes Corporate Culture and Influences Organizational Change - Essay Example For example, formal, even bureaucratic as opposed to liberal or lenient relations. Structure also includes the allocation of power in an organisation, whether concentrated in the hands of a few people or there is sharing of power and decision making at all levels. Organisational culture can be understood as a â€Å"the shared set of assumptions, beliefs, values and behavioural patterns of a group, that guide that group’s perceptions, judgments, and actions† (Levin 2000, p.83). Its significance is related to its ability to influence the activities of members and the functioning of the organization without particular control measures (Awal, Rongione, Klinger et al 2006). Poole and Van de Ven (2004, p.xi) define organizational change as a â€Å"difference in form, quality, or state over time in an organizational entity† which may differ from an individual’s job, a work group, an organisational subunit, or the overall organisation. Change may be planned, unpla nned, incremental, radical, recurrent, or unprecedented. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the extent to which an organisation’s structure shapes its culture, and impacts its ability to transform itself. Different Management Styles: Effects on Organisational Performance Over recent years, the role of present-day managers has become increasingly empowered, with a more networking, consensus-seeking approach (Reigle 2001). Different management styles have their distinctive effects on organisational performance, and the effectiveness of organisations. Management style pertains to â€Å"how the leader approaches opportunities, what he or she chooses to emphasize, to defer and to delegate to others† (Krause 2007, p.19), based on managers’ traits. Research evidence indicates transformational style as the most beneficial for driving safety and for creating a high performance culture. According to Early and Davenport (2010, p.59), †Å"transformational leadership and transactional leadership are very different styles of leadership, but they are not mutually exclusive and can be complementary if employed correctly†. Additionally, an individual can have and develop skills required to be both a transactional and transformational leader. Transformational managers invoke colleagues and followers to view their work from new perspectives; they generate awareness of the mission or vision of the team and organization; managers guide employees to achieve their highest levels of potential; motivate colleagues to work for the larger interest of the group and the organization. This leadership style attempts to engage the employees’ creativity and loyalty, thus achieving a higher level of commitment and effort from employees. Tranformational behaviors include idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and inspirational motivation. Idealized influence is the leaders’ sharin g of vision and sense of mission with employees, and the proposal of radical, innovative solutions to critical problems (Early & Davenport 2010). Transactional leadership occurs when a leader â€Å"rewards or disciplines a follower depending on the adequacy of the follower’s performance† (Early & Davenport 2010, p.59). Transactional leadership is closely associated with traditional models and strategies employed in leadership theory. In

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

1 - Assignment Example New Jersey average sales tax plays a minimal significance as compared to the other states as 0.0% indicates lack of local government participation in collecting sales taxes. However, the value of 0.0% in average sales tax at the local level is also important in that it shows business are exempted from sales tax. Additionally, when considering the state level average sales tax, it is shown that New Jersey is ranked 1st with 14.1% rate. This makes New Jersey very important in contributing to the national sales taxes. Question 2: Look at the local property tax proportion. How important is the property tax to the cities and counties in your state†¦ more or less important as compared to the average of all states? More or less important as compared to the 6 states we’ve looked at? New Jersey has proportional property tax of 55.1% as compared to the other states that do not exceed the 30% mark on the sale while it is more than twice the national average of 26%. To the cities and counties within New Jersey, a 55.1% property sale proportion provides the maintenance of the cities and the county amenities and infrastructure. However, the high property tax at the local level indicates high rental rates or high acquisition of real estate establishment. In addition, the state level averages display an abnormal comparison when compared to the national average. The national average is 26.8% against the local level of 55.1%. In conclusion, the vast acquisition of property in New Jersey contributes the high rate of property tax at the local level. Question 3: Look at the spending on education at both the state and local levels for your state. Including both state and local levels of spending, consider the differences between your state and the national averages, and answer the following question: is your state, taking into account both state and local levels of spending, nearer the top or nearer

Fire Protection Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fire Protection Systems - Research Paper Example Automatic activation can also occur in several forms, designed to a number of physical changes associated with fire. Such devices include heat detectors, smoke detectors, flame detectors, fire gas detectors and water flow detectors. Modern innovation can use cameras and computers to analyze the visual signs of fire and movement in applications inappropriate for or hostile to other detection methods (Greenman, 2003). Notifications from fire alarms to alert the occupants of the need to evacuate premises or take appropriate actions due to fire emergencies can be in audible, visible, tactile, textual or even olfactory (odorized) forms. Emergency signals are automatically intended to be distinct and understandable in order top avoid confusion with other signals. The Temporal Code 3 which chimes three times at one-second intervals, stops for one second the repeats is the most common audible in the modern fire alarm system. Other methods of audio alerts include audible textual appliances, continuous and voice evaluation. In some fire alarm systems especially in high-rise buildings, arenas and other large facilities such as hospitals where total evacuation is difficult to achieve, emergency voice alarm communication systems (EVACS) are used. This voice based system allows personnel to orderly evacuate and notify occupants in such crowded buildings. Strategically too, especially in high-rise buildings, depending on exact location of fire, different evaluation messages may be played on each floor to facilitate orderly evacuation and saving of lives (Jones, 2009). New codes and standards have enabled alarm system manufacturers to expand their systems voice evacuation capabilities to support trending requirements for mass notifications including possibility of multiple types of emergency messaging. To serve those with disabilities too, emergency communication systems have visible notification along with audio. Mass notification systems

Together We Stand Letter Outline Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Together We Stand Letter Outline - Case Study Example The survey will involve establishing the relationship between exposure to the industrial waste and severity of the new disease. The study will involve finding health details of people living next to the factory’s dumpsites. A direct correlation between severity of the disease and nearness to the dumpsite will indicate that the factory is the main cause of the problem (Tilden, 2010). A negative correlation index will nullify the hypothesis that relates the disease to factory waste. The study assumed that people living next to the dumpsite have had minimal movements. The survey also assumed that the factory dumps its waste constantly throughout the year. In the study, I also assumed that the industry’s waste have minimal cumulative effect on the health of a victim. Finally, the analysis also considered the age of a person to be independent from the effects of the chemicals (Bond, 1993). During my investigation, I established that people associated the new illness with the evil spirits. Others believed that immigrants who were settling in their town from foreign countries propagated the

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Business Ethics - Essay Example The researcher of this essay states that in current times, a success of an organization is not only judged based on their financial profits, but also based on whether they achieve those profits through ethical means. Thus, ethics has become a crucial part of any organizations’ success, brand image, etc, and so it needs to be incorporated into every aspect of its internal functioning as well as in organization’s external environment. Most organizations only follow ethics in their external environment, thereby fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, it is of utmost importance to include ethical aspects in the internal functioning as well, particularly in relation to gender equation between the male and female employees. Although, women in current times, are playing key, optimum and leading roles in various ‘spheres’ of life including business organizations, there is still some ethical issues relating to them in the form of gender disc rimination. The researcher reviews the book, GenderTalk Works: 7 Steps for Cracking the Gender Code at Work written by Connie Glaser that focuses on these gender issues and the related ethical aspects. With certain gender-specific impediments blocking smooth communication between the male and the female employees, and also preventing women from reaching the top levels in the hierarchy, it is mentioned that this book provides practical advices on how to bridge the gender gap at work and also how to provide a conducive environment, for the development of women leaders.

50 Year of US Policy in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

50 Year of US Policy in the Middle East - Essay Example The biggest asset of Middle East is the amount of oil that is concentrated in the region, which has simultaneously also emerged as one of the biggest problems. Therefore the Western population is highly accustomed to the propaganda of the Middle Eastern regions, and this has also brought Islam in the middle. It was especially prominent during the European colonial times, which was also exacerbated by Edward Said in his famous book, â€Å"Orientalism†. The way it has been negatively stereotyped has provided tremendous justification for involvement and also in ensuring a certain level of stability for the interests of powers that are present in the region (Shah, 2). Another issue, which is also pivotal to Middle East, is racism and cultural stereotyping that has become very concentrated. There are certain war films that depict an Islamic or Arab group as bad, which clearly show the current conflicts etc. A bad guy is very often an Arab from one of the rogue states and because of the 9/11 attacks perpetrated against the United States and also the War on Terror; it’s very likely that this description will continue. Another huge problem is that to maintain their dominance and supremacy in the Middle Eastern, the West has also put a lot of power, money and influence in the hands of corrupt Arab leaders, and consequently collaborated in the overthrow of those people who were seen as a threat to their interests. Furthermore, it has contributed a great deal in keeping the populations at bay, for the wealth, power and militarization of the elite class. It is also said to be done for combating the phenomena of communism.

Mildred Pierce Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mildred Pierce Assignment - Essay Example The first purpose, which relates to placing a woman at the center of the story universe, best describes the messages in Mildred Pierce movie. Indeed, this purpose is very dominant in the film as the film revolves around the life of a long-suffering mother and her ungrateful daughter. In fact, the film focuses on domestic life in the context of women, motherhood, and the female opinion. In fact, Mildred Pierce is a homemaker who sacrifices everything and tries all income generating projects to support her ungrateful daughter (Mildred Pierce 1945). The movie even presents female rivalries between the younger woman and the older woman. We can also see Mildred getting married to a newly unemployed Pierce who later leaves her with no income (Mildred Pierce 1945). Moreover, we can see Mildred surrounded by weak men and supportive women that confirms the purpose of placing a woman at the center of the story universe. In fact, the questioning of Mildred by police after they discover the body of her second husband, Monte Berago forms the basis of the film (Mildred Pierce 1945). These aspects confirm the purpose of placing a woman at the center of the story universe in the Mildred Pierce film.... Such an association depicts bad motherhood. On the other hand, Mildred could only become a waitress, a fact which she hides from her daughter Veda (Mildred Pierce 1945). Such lies do not represent good motherhood and consequently we can identify with Veda’s infuriation on learning the truth about her mother’s job. Additionally, Mildred acts unethically by entering into a loveless marriage with Monte Beragon for purposes of improving her social class to please her daughter (Mildred Pierce 1945). Ultimately, we can see Mildred supporting Beragon who is a playboy that consequently led to her financial dismal performance. As a good mother, Mildred would have focused on providing for her children but not seeking to improve her social class. Ideally, we only see Mildred focusing on providing for Veda to the neglect of the 10-year-old Kay (Mildred Pierce 1945). Response 3 Kathryn D’Alessandro describes how many of the visual images (cinematography, lighting) in Mildred Pierce are reminiscent of film noir. Mildred Pierce is a film noir that represents the sacrifices of a mother to provide for her ungrateful daughter. Indeed, the film has a cinematography that enhances darkness in the plot and theme. In fact, the film has inky blackness and images with long and sharp shadows (Mildred Pierce 1945). The long and sharp shadows show that the filming took place indoors or in places with low-key lighting. All these aspects explain how the visual images in Mildred Pierce are reminiscent of film noir. Response 4 Sybil DelGaudio defines the racial stereotype of the "Mammy" role in the "Mammy in Hollywood" article (DelGaudio, 2005). The character of Thelma McQueen who was Mildred’s